Anwari Begum of Safia Bilgrami and Cultural Equilibrium
صفیہ بلگرامی کا انوری بیگم اور ثقافتی توازن
Keywords:
Discourse analysis, social roles, female agency, modernity, Anwari Begum, Safia Bilgrami, Cultural EquilibriumAbstract
The reformist discourse in Urdu novels set in with the inception of novelistic genres. Male novelists, while reforming the hitherto social norms, used the novelistic genre to give new female roles in the didactic tone. But the reformist discourse opened limited avenues for female liberty. The novel Anwari Begum by Safia Begum expands the scope of feminism in the Urdu reformist discourse. Through this narrative, she turns the possibility of falling in love with a girl with her cousin and marriage into reality. There are more than one twist and turn in this love story, and between these twists and turns, reform, prosperity, and the social interaction of men and women are discussed. The author's attitude towards women in the narrative is sympathetic. They have tried to establish a balance between religion, indigenous culture, and foreign culture, in which they are averse to the East and not wary of the West. This article explores the expansion of female social roles through the critical discourse analysis of Safia Begum’s narrative.
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References
Muhammad Naeem, "Innisween Sadi mein Urdu ke Islaahi Naawil," Takhleeqi Adab, Shumara 9 (2012): 283-313.
Tayyaba Begum Bilgrami, Anwari Begum (Karachi: Sama Editorial and Publishing, 2010).
Ibid., 24.
Maulvi Abdul Haq, "Muqaddima," Mashmula Anwari Begum az Tayyaba Begum Bilgrami, 11-18 (Karachi: Sama Editorial and Publishing Services, 2010).
Muhammad Naeem, Urdu Naawil ka Saqafati Mutalia: 1869 ta 1947 (Lahore: Kitab Mahal, 2019).
Allama Rashid-ul-Khairi, Sitawanti (Delhi: Ismat Book Agency, 1938).
Ratan Nath Sarshar, Fasana-e-Azad, Jild Awal (New Delhi: Qaumi Council Baraye Faroogh-e-Urdu, 2002).
Abdul Haleem Sharar, Badar-ul-Nisa ki Museebat (Lahore: Kitab Manzil, 1901).
Tayyaba Begum Bilgrami, Anwari Begum, 61.
Ibid., 25.
Nazir Ahmad, Banat-un-Na'ash (Lahore: Khazeena Ilm-o-Adab, 2005).
Nazir Ahmad, Ayama (Agra: Matbaa Shamsi, 1891).
Muhammad Naeem, "Innisween Sadi mein Urdu ke Islaahi Naawil,"
Tayyaba Begum Bilgrami, Anwari Begum, 126.
Misal ke tor par Ganga Dhar ne apni kitab Leela Wati wa Chandrawati ka Qissa (1869) mein Salamat-e-Tab ko barah-e-rasat taleem ka nateeja qarar diya hai jab ke Tayyaba Bilgrami ke zair-e-tajziya naawil mein balwasita yehi daleel pesh ki gayi hai. Leela Wati wa Chandrawati ka Qissa ke ta'aruf ke liye dekhiye: Sameera Umar, "Qissa Leelawati wa Chandrawati: Taaruf, Tajziya aur Tadween," Bazyaft 21, Shumara 43 (2023): 115-85. http://111.68.103.26/journals/index.php/Bazyaft/article/view/7541
N.E. Simmonds, Critical Issues in Jurisprudence: Justice, Law and Rights (London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1986), 16.
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