Metaphysical Elements in John Donne's Poetry

جون ڈن کی شاعری میں مابعد الطبیعاتی عناصر

Authors

  • Hafiz Gohar Mehmood PhD Scholar, Department of Urdu, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus Author
  • Dr Saira Irshad Assistant Professor, Department of Urdu, Govt. Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur Author

Keywords:

Metaphysical, Renaissance, Medieval age, John Donne, A Hymn to God, Pessimism, Civil War, Uncertainty

Abstract

During the era of John Donne, despair and pessimism were prevalent, primarily due to political upheavals and uncertainty. The duality of pessimism and optimism reflected the era's struggle, with people feeling insecure yet gaining control over their environment amidst insecurity. The church-state conflicts also contributed to societal confusion, questioning the supremacy between the two, leading to public dissent and eventually civil war. The rise of the middle class, political parties, and Puritan tensions culminated in a long civil war, resulting in significant political changes, including the execution of Charles I and the establishment of Oliver Cromwell's military government. The eventual return of the Stuart monarchy under Charles II marked the period's conclusion. John Donne's unconventional approach in his poems rejected Petrarchan and Platonic ideals. His poetry, dramatic and rhetorical, reflected his deep, often cynical insights into love and human relationships. Donne's sermons and prose also highlighted his literary prowess, blending scientific references with religious themes. His work bridged the gap between the Renaissance and the Jacobean age, embodying a blend of intellectual rigor and cultural change.

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References

Mansukhani, G. S. (2012/2013). Love and Divine Poems. Lahore: Hassan Publishing Company, p. 150.

Gondal, S. (2013/14). Love and Divine. Lahore: Famous Products Company, p. 252.

Mansukhani, G. S. (2012/13). Love and Divine Poems. Lahore: Hassan Publishing Company, p. 6.

Malik, B. R. (1956). Studies in Poets. New Delhi: Unique Publishers, p. 21.

Mansukhani, G. S. (2012/2013). Love and Divine Poems. Lahore: Hassan Publishing Company, p. 56.

Ibid, p. 150.

Malik, B. R. (1956). Studies in Poets John Donne. New Delhi: Unique Publishers, p. 25.

Taylor, A. E. (1961). Elements of Metaphysics. London: University Paperbacks, p. 1.

Adams. (1984). Man, and Metaphysics. New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1.

Heidegger, M. (1977). The Basic Writings of Martin Heidegger. New York: Harper and Row, p. 141.

Grayling, A. C. (Ed.). (2003). Introduction to The Article Metaphysics by Tim Crane & David Wiggins, Philosophy I (A Guide Through the Subject). Britain: Oxford University Press, p. 183.

Mulik, B. R. (1958). Divine Poems. New Delhi: Unique Publishers, p. 220.

Gondal, S. (2013/14). Love and Divine. Lahore: Famous Products Company, p. 78.

Ibid, p. 69.

Ibid, p. 83

Published

10-01-2025

How to Cite

Metaphysical Elements in John Donne’s Poetry: جون ڈن کی شاعری میں مابعد الطبیعاتی عناصر. (2025). Tahreer - Journal of Languages and Literature, 2(2), 108-120. https://ssld.org/Journals/index.php/tahreer/article/view/32